List of Articles Human Capital

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  1 - Technological Absorption Capacity of the Iranian Economy
  Behzad Salmani Firuz Fatahi Parviz Mohammadzade Akbar Anrajani Khosroshahi
  It is widely acknowledged that relying solely on physical capital and labor as main sources of the economic growth would cause countries to lag behind others in the process of sustainable development, and the productivity improvement through technological advancements i More

  It is widely acknowledged that relying solely on physical capital and labor as main sources of the economic growth would cause countries to lag behind others in the process of sustainable development, and the productivity improvement through technological advancements is the only way that ensures the continued economic growth. So, it is important to study the economy’s potential of technological innovations and capacity of technology absorption in order to allocate the scarce recourses efficiently. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the capacity of technology absorption in the Iranian Economy. To that end, using data from the Iranian economy over the period 1347-1390, the technological absorption capability hypothesis of Teixeira and Fortuna (2010) has been tested. According to this hypothesis, the existence of adequate human capital could help the economy to absorb the technological spillovers caused by FDI, importing capital goods, and the collaborations between countries. Furthermore, this hypothesis states that the higher is the R&D expenditures, the higher is the technological absorption capability. Using the co-integration method of Johansen and Juselius (1990), it is found that the existence of adequate human capital in Iran has enhanced the technological absorption capability of the Iranian economy. However, the R&D expenditures have no significant effect on the absorption capability of the Iranian economy. In sum, the Iranian economy can benefit from the technological spillovers because of its capabilities to absorb the new technologies. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Effects of Technology Spillover Resulted from Foreign Direct Investment on the Industry Performance
  Abolfazll Shahabadi Seyed Arash Valinia Zahra Ansari
  According to many economists, since the multinational enterprises entering the host economy have relatively more modern technologies than domestic firms, developing countries can reduce their technological gap through FDI inflow channel. It should be noted that the tech More

  According to many economists, since the multinational enterprises entering the host economy have relatively more modern technologies than domestic firms, developing countries can reduce their technological gap through FDI inflow channel. It should be noted that the technology spillover of foreign investors is a function of domestic capacity for absorbing these technological spillovers. Considering the determining role of industry sector in the world economy, the goal of present study is to investigate the spillover effects of foreign investment from technological perspective, on the performance of industry sector of Iran during 1995-2009 years, in form of development plans. The results of the study show that during the second development plan a considerable correlation did not exist among improving the human capital (as the absorption capacity criteria), absorbing the foreign investment, spillover effects, and the industry sector performance. While in the third development plan, the mentioned correlations were significant. The reasons for the above mentioned significant correlations are as follows: policy requirements of the third plan about improving the research and development in macro-level of the economy, passing new laws of protecting and spreading the foreign direct investment in 2002. It is worth noting that while the above mentioned correlations had improved during the fourth development plan compared to the second plan, it shows weaker performance in comparison with the third plan. As a result, it should be noted that the mentioned correlations in industry sector were not significant during 1995-2002 years. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Measuring the Impact of Human Capital Promotion on Economic Growth in Selected Countries of OPEC
  Roya Al emran Seyed Ali  Al Emran
  One of the most important discussions in recent decades is human capital. Human capital, or in other words, quality of labor or institutionalization of knowledge in human, increases production and economic growth. Although human capital has been discussed since the clas More

  One of the most important discussions in recent decades is human capital. Human capital, or in other words, quality of labor or institutionalization of knowledge in human, increases production and economic growth. Although human capital has been discussed since the classical period in economics , modeling and presentation of national models of economic growth, in which, human capital is considered, captured the attention of researchers in recent decades. In classical models, production was assumed to be the function of labor and capital; however, the quality of labor or human capital must be also considered in this function as an effective factor. The impact of human capital and technological knowledge on economic growth is commonly accepted. This study aims to measure the impact of human capital promotion on economic growth in selected countries of OPEC. Economists have presented different indicators for measuring human capital, one of them is the amount of government expenditure on education. In this study, the growth rate of government total education spending, along with other influential variables (R&D expenditure, Investment) are analyzed through the panel data approach for the period of 1998 to 2007.The research results of this method, indicate that the impact coefficient of all variables are confirmed by theoretical bases, coefficients for all variables are significant, and human capital has a positive effect on economic growth. According to the research findings, improving human capital by increasing labor skills and capabilities, which leads to increase in productivity and production, along with enhancing research and development expenditure is recommended in order to achieve higher economic growth. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Identifying the Effective Factors of Fast-Growth Companies: The Case of “Behestan Daru” Co..
  Hojatollah Moradi pour Hamid Hoseinloo
  The objective of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the fast-growing companies. Based on the conceptual framework and literature review, this paper reviews four dimensions identified as the main factors of fast-growing companies. They comprise leaders’ char More

  The objective of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the fast-growing companies. Based on the conceptual framework and literature review, this paper reviews four dimensions identified as the main factors of fast-growing companies. They comprise leaders’ characteristics, opportunity awareness, innovation and human capital. A questionnaire is used to collect data. The sample frame that will be used for the research will be the managers and employees with minimum six years of experience in the Behestan Daru Company. The techniques of the study were employed to analyze the data including Student's T test; analyzing Correlation and Friedman rank test. The results of this paper show that the above four dimensions have positive and significant effects on the fast-growing company. Furthermore, from the managers’ viewpoints, the factors are ranked according to their relative importance as follows: leaders’ characteristics, human capital, opportunity recognition and innovation while from the employees’ viewpoint they are ranked in the following order: leaders’ characteristics, opportunity awareness, human capital and innovation. Thus each of these sub-branches of the factors that can also be important from the perspective of their managers and experts are outlined as: Production and delivering new products, creative entrepreneurs, people with characteristics fitting the job description, an assessment of managers and staff periodically, circumstances, environment, management's ability to perceive entrepreneurial opportunities, identifying the potentials, experience in the organization, and entrepreneurial experience. In this study the conceptual framework of indicators that is another indicator of the interviewed managers and the experts was asked including communication, age, empowerment and financial capacities, organizational cultures, which are all influencing the fast growth. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The Investigation of the Effect of Research and Development on the Iran׳s Industrial Sector Productivity
  Abolfazll Shahabadi Omid Rahmani
  This research is evaluated the theorical and analytical role of domestic R&D stocks, human capital and foreign R&D stocks (technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods) on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran׳s industrial sector. As regards More

  This research is evaluated the theorical and analytical role of domestic R&D stocks, human capital and foreign R&D stocks (technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods) on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran׳s industrial sector. As regards, the research and development activities of Iran's industrial sector as compared to developed countries are little it could be hope to foreign R&D stock role and their spillovers on total factor productivity growth of this sector. because the absorption of foreign R&D spillovers mid developing the domestic R&D activities will provide favorable field to total factor productivity growth. Therefore, this study is investigated the direct effect of foreign and domestic R&D stocks (via technology embodied in imports of capital and intermediate goods (and human capital on total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Iran's industrial sector in during 1338-1385. The analytical results say that, human capital and foreign R&D stocks have respectively, the highest positive effect on TFP growth of industrial sector. While, in literature theory, domestic R&D stocks is also have a determinant role on TFP growth. But, by reason of low investment in research budgets and lack of the demand base of research activities, the effect of domestic R&D stocks on total factor productivity growth of Iran׳s industrial sector have, lower effect than foreign R&D stocks. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The role of research and development in economic development of the countries
  Mahnaz Rabiei
  The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create c More

  The cost of research and development and technology improvement result in cost decrease, productivity improvement and export growth. New Technologies cause enhancement in production factors and create further variations in productions. Furthermore, technologies create changes in comparative cost of production, and increase the comparative advantages in corporations and ultimately in the countries. Research, development and innovation costs, and new technologies allow corporations to improve their production abilities; thus resulting in capacity growth, cost reduction, quality improvement, and timely delivery. Unique characteristics of Innovation and new ideas are not challengeable. For example, achievements in a new method, will give others easier access, without causing interruptions to the previous users. Therefore, such products are produced once and can be mass-produced then after. In this article, the importance of research and development in the growth of value added through an endogenous growth is explained. While revising Romer's endogenous model of growth, a mathematic model for Iran's economic growth was made and the effects of R&D, spillovers resulted from R&D, labor force, physical capital and human resource based on OLS was evaluated. While considering the effects of innovation management in R&D improvement, other effects of innovation management were also analyzed. This article intends to analyze the effects of R&D throughout the country and innovation management within corporations to obtain economic growth Manuscript profile
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  7 - The role of Entrepreneurship development on promoting labor productivity : A comparative perspective of the developing and developed countries
  Alireza Amini Seyed Arash Valinia Uoness Salmani Zahra Ansari
  10.7508/jstpi.2015.03.007
  Improvement of labor productivity is one of the main objectives of the economic firms. Consequently, identification of the factors that affect the productivity was significantly considered by the economists. Entreprenership is one of the factors that affect the labor fo More

  Improvement of labor productivity is one of the main objectives of the economic firms. Consequently, identification of the factors that affect the productivity was significantly considered by the economists. Entreprenership is one of the factors that affect the labor force productivity. Overall, entrepreneurship prepares the ground for efficient application of new technologies in the society. Moroever, entrepreneurship turns the knowledge and technologies to new goods and services and increases the labor productivity. The current study investigates the effects of development of entrepreneurship on improvement of labor force productivity in developed and developing countries using GLS regression. The results show that in both groups of countries, human capital has an equal effect on improvement of productivity. However, the effect of per capita physical capital on labor productivity is significantly different in developed and developing countries. It is worth noting that GEDI, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial activities indices have significant and positive effect on improvement of labor force productivity in both developing and developed countries. However, the effect of entrepreneurial aspirations on improvement of labor productivity is posititve and insignificant. The results of the current study show that the coefficient of entrepreneurial attitudes and activities in developing countries is less effective on labor productivity compared to developed countries. Manuscript profile
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  8 - A Review of Knowledge-Based Economy: from the Formation to the Action; Case study: knowledge-based Economy in Iran
  Abdollah Elm Khah Mahdi Sadeghi Shahdani
  10.7508/jstpi.2015.04.003
  Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. More

  Theorists have predicted the emergence of the new economic era in which knowledge is the main source of wealth and economic output. In other words, in a new era, the economy is getting away from the resource-based method and is getting close to the knowledge-based one. Knowledge-based economy formed based on the production, distribution and application of knowledge and information. Therefore, investing in knowledge and knowledge-based industries got particular attentions. This paper reviews the literatures of knowledge-based economy due to its importance, and the emphasis of The Supreme Leader on special attentions of policy makers to implementation of it based on upstream documents. This article is provided according to the analytical and descriptive method based on available documents. The knowledge-based economy is addressed in the course of economic ideas, theories of knowledge-based economy, definitions, characteristics, advantages, elements, measuring indicators, policies of the knowledge-based economy in Iran, situation of Knowledge-based economy in Iran based on World Bank Index. At the end conclusion is presented. The results show that the fulfilling of the knowledge-based economy requires trained and skilled workforce, supportive government policies, making reform in society culture, efficient innovation system, indigenous knowledge, ICT, institutional and government stimulus, supporting intellectual property rights and so on. Although the World Bank 2005 report shows that there was a very significant imbalance between the indicators. By government efforts, the imbalance was declined slightly in 2007 and according to the latest World Bank report in 2012, Iran with an average 3/91 has gained the rank of 94 between 146 countries in terms of the knowledge-based economy. Manuscript profile